From 2004 to 2019, a total of 1353 CFs occurred in the HVDC transmission systems under the jurisdiction of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), with an average of 9.1 times CFs per
binary variable that is equal to 1 if energy storage unit s was built in a previous year and its investment return period is not completed, and 0 otherwise; binary variable that is
Here, new assets such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), owned and operated by the Transmission System Operators (TSOs), can make an impact. New operational concepts for BESSs can further
We apply the proposed approach to 2 years'' worth of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition data recorded from five wind turbines. We focus our analysis on gearbox failure detection, in which the proposed
Energy storage system (ESS) is being added to power systems with the major objective of mitigating the adverse impacts of variability and uncertainty associated with renewable energy generation (REG). ESSs are
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are the future of support systems for Firm capacity is the amount of energy available for production/transmission which can be guaranteed to be
Energy-storage technologies based on lithium-ion batteries are advancing rapidly. However, the occurrence of thermal runaway in batteries under extreme operating conditions poses serious
Keywords: high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, battery energy storage STATCOM, commutation failure, positive and negative sequence reactive current, single-phase grounding
Keywords: high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, battery energy storage STATCOM, commutation failure, positive and negative sequence reactive current, single-phase grounding fault. Citation: Xing C, Chen J, Xu Z, Xi X, He
The gearbox contains a large number of gears, and failure of the gears accounts for about 60% of total gearbox failures. Failure of the gears is mainly concentrated in the teeth, including tooth surface corrosion, tooth surface wear, tooth surface bonding, and broken teeth .
common. These included rotor blades shedding fr agments, short circuits, cracked foundations, and gearbox failure. Before a set of internatio nally recognized wind turbine gearbox design gearbox design deficiencies resulted in unreliable wind turbine gearboxes.
Despite being engineered for a lifespan of 20 years, the gearbox may fail before 10 years of uninterrupted service due to torque fluctuations . The gearbox is responsible for the highest downtime period in case of failure and is among the components contributing to 80% of the annual system failures in wind turbines .
Planetary stage gears. Lubrication system. Two case studies on retrospective data from two different large WT types, 2 MW class variable-speed and 1.3 MW two-speed, have shown that faults in gearboxes and their bearing can be detected using both SCADA and CMS data many days or even months before failure.
Concerns amongst wind turbine (WT) operators about gearbox reliability arise from complex repair procedures, high replacement costs and long downtimes leading to revenue losses. Therefore, reliable monitoring for the detection, diagnosis and prediction of such faults are of great concerns to the wind industry.
This failure interval creates a significant increase in the capital and reliability. Existing gearboxes are a spinoff from marine technology used in shipbuilding and locomotive technology. The gearboxes are massive components as shown in Fig. 1. commonly fail within an operational period of 5 years, and require replacement.
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