Ethanol (98–99%), hydrochloric acid (3.7%), aluminium acetyl acetone (AlAA), triethoxyvinylsilane (VTES, 97%), titanium butoxide (TTBu, 97%) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) were purchased from IChem Solution Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia All materials were used as received without any further purification.
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It is mainly applied to the surface of photovoltaic devices, which can alleviate the dust accumulation problem of photovoltaic panels in arid, high-temperature, and dusty areas and reduce the maintenance cost of them.
In this study, the sol–gel method was used to create rough surface hydrophobic coating to reduce soiling issues on PV panels. A solution was prepared using three different
The coating consists of photocatalyst titanium thin-films which are fabricated on the soda-lime glass using a sol-gel process. The self-cleaning process under sufficient UV
Dust deposition on solar photovoltaic (PV) cell surface will significantly decrease the PV power efficiency, as the transmittance of the solar cells would be greatly decreased by
Characterization of closed-surface antireflective TiO2–SiO2 films for application in solar-panel glass. Mater. Lett., 326 (2022), Article 132921, 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132921.
Obtained experimental self-cleaning coatings (based on compositions with the participation of Eu2O3), applied by the solgel method on glass slides. This study attempts to improve the
In order to enhance performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules (PV), it is very essential to keep the PV modules clean. Although there are good number of available
It is impractical to apply sol–gel coating on pre-assembled solar cell modules. Therefore, having a low-cost method to repair anti-reflective coating at solar power plants,
The water droplets also exhibited a high water contact angle of 157.9 (^circ) resulting in superhydrophobic antireflective coatings for solar panel. 44 Another study using Zr-O-Si
This study proposes the development and application of hydrophobic sol-gel based coating in the photovoltaic system. The aims include synthesizing a hydrophobic sol-gel based self-cleaning coating for solar panel and characterizing the hydrophobic sol-gel based self-cleaning coating.
However, balancing mechanical durability, self-cleaning characteristics, and optical performance for photovoltaic applications remains challenging. This study focuses on synthesizing a composite coating through the sol-gel method, aiming to achieve high optical transmittance and superior mechanical properties.
The preparation methods suitable for self-cleaning coating of photovoltaic modules include LBL, CVD, sol–gel method, and plasma-etching technology. LBL, CVD and sol–gel technologies are all CVD-based surface treatment technologies, which have difficulty in precision control. Sol–gel method and LBL are both economical.
As a relatively simple method, the sol–gel method has low cost, few technical details, and is environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is widely used in the production of self-cleaning coatings.
The self-cleaning coating has attracted extensive attention in the photovoltaic industry and the scientific community because of its unique mechanism and high adaptability. Therefore, an efficient and stable self-cleaning coating is necessary to protect the cover glass on the photovoltaic panel. There are many self-cleaning phenomena in nature.
In addition to the traditional methods, sol-gel has been applied to glass using flow-coating with the sol-gel method resulting in a non-fracture coating without defects with a thickness of 70–120 nm that is 4 times more resistant than normal coatings (Pop et al., 2014).
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