Western Sahara (WS) was a Spanish colony from 1884 till 1975. Following World War II, anti-colonial movements emerged and started criticizing such a colonial rule, which by
Western Sahara is very sunny and surprisingly windy – a natural renewable energy powerhouse. Morocco has exploited these resources by building three large wind farms (five more are planned) and two solar farms
The initial stages of another renewable energy project has been launched in the disputed Western Sahara region, which is under the control of Morocco. The Janassim project recently launched its measuring campaign
WSRW has produced four reports on the energy industry in occupied Western Sahara, two on renewables and two on oil and gas. Totally Wrong (2013b) focuses on the activities of the Total oil company in occupied Western Sahara.
According to ‘Dirty Green March’, a study by the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW), however green the projects are, they will cement occupation and be “severely damaging” for the indigenous Saharaoui people.
But though the north African country intends to generate half its electricity from renewables by 2030, its plans show that much of this energy will come from wind and solar farms in occupied land in neighbouring Western Sahara.
As the issue of natural resource exploitation in Western Sahara has been conceptualised in very different ways and from the perspectives of a variety of disciplines, the authors have opted for a semi-systematic review of the work done encompassing academic, non-academic, and activist backgrounds.
The majority of research undertaken from a historical perspective on the role of natural resources in the Western Sahara conflict focuses on phosphates. Both Lalutte (1976) and Camprubí (2015) see the potential exploitation of phosphates as the key factor in motivating Morocco to invade Western Sahara.
The production of research on natural resource exploitation in Western Sahara is accelerating. Yet this field remains interdisciplinary, and the work is carried out by researchers from academic, non-academic, and activist backgrounds, with sometimes very different aims and envisaged audiences.
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