In this study, a phase-change material (PCM) is used to cool the PV panels, and fins are added to enhance PCM heat transfer. Using numerical simulation, the effects of fin spacing, fin height, solar radiation intensity, and ambient temperature on the heat-dissipation performance of the PV/PCM system were then studied.
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The temperature of photovoltaic modules is affected by external environmental factors [13] and the internal characteristics of the modules [14] the process of establishing a temperature
Jordan receives a high amount of solar radiation, which ranges from 4 to 8 kWh/m2. As a result, the best investment has made in the energy sector is in solar energy (Alrwashdeh, 2018).
The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module is largely dependent on the temperature of the PV cell. Hence, heat management in a PV module is crucial to improving the performance and
Heat Dissipation factors. From Eq. 1, the cell temperature is related to the in-plane irradiance and ambient temperature by the heat dissipation factor U, which combines the effects of natural
Cooling of the cells is a critical issue when designing concentrating photovoltaic systems. Because of the decreasing efficiency with increasing temperature effects, excess cell
Traditional cell cooling technologies include active cooling and passive cooling [[9], [10], [11]].Air cooling is the most common active cooling method, but the effect is not satisfactory, especially
The sun is the source of solar energy and delivers 1367 W/m 2 solar energy in the atmosphere. 3 The total global absorption of solar energy is nearly 1.8 × 10 11 MW, 4
The data indicates that during the operation of the heat pump, the cooling effect of the plate-tube evaporator on the solar panel can maximum increase the photoelectric
In the absence of or at lower wind speeds, the heat is dissipated from the PV panel by natural/free convection while at higher wind speeds, forced convection heat transfer manages the PV working temperature. Humidity is a measure of moisture present in the form of water vapor in the ambient air.
In the same numerical study conducted by Zarma et al. , it is deduced that heat sink arrangement played a significant role in determining the performance of the solar PV system. When heat sinks and the PCM was arranged in a series pattern, the heat transfer performance deteriorated.
This elevated temperature of PV panel has certain damaging effects on the PV cell performance and their structures, if suitable measures are not taken to dissipate this excess heat. In a real environment, usually, this excess heat is dissipated by ambient air and natural cooling by a convective heat transfer mechanism.
Numerous cooling systems have been developed and applied to dissipate heat from solar PV panels. These include air-cooled systems, water-cooled systems, heat sinks, heat pipes, phase change materials, and forced nanofluids circulation [, , , , ], among others.
Structural damages in PV panel caused by thermal stresses developed due to overheating of PV panel at increased operating temperature are termed as thermal degradation of PV panel. A ninefold increase in the value of thermal stress has been reported for an uncooled PV panel compared to a cooled panel as shown in Fig. 1 .
From several combinations of PVT systems that have been conducted, the effect of heat dissipation channels has become a common issue to be modeled. In addition, direct integration of fins can assist in the process of releasing heat to the environment more effectively.
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