The module consists of a protective layer made of transparent resin-concrete and a built-in solar panel. The effect of different gradations and resin quantities (five gradation
By 2050 60 million tons of solar waste will be there if it is not recycled properly.Thereview provides an in-depth assessment and the various technical aspects of the solar panel waste
The extensive deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules at an expeditious rate worldwide leads to a massive generation of solar waste (60–78 million tonnes by 2050). A stringent recycling effort to recover metal resources
PV waste management will gain relevance proportionally to the amounts of waste that are expected to arise with the phasing-out of old installations in the upcoming years and decades.
The obtained order of compressive strength is: RS12 > RS11-S > RS11-A > RS11-O. Mainly because the compressive strength of transparent resin-concrete is affected by
The recycling strategy for the photovoltaic module was introduced in the 1990 s . Recycling solar cells is crucial for the economy as 55% of renewable energy is fulfilled by it, compared to 28% and 11% contribution of wind and hydropower respectively . Intact silicon (Si) wafer recovery should be kept on priority.
The recycling of PV panels must be carried out, according to the legislation in force, to prevent the leaching of hazardous substances, the loss of conventional resources and of rare metals ( BioIS, 2011 ).
Many processes can be found involving recycling or reclaiming of components from thin film photovoltaic panels as compared to different technologies. This is probably explained by the larger content of high value materials found in thin film panels, which can ensure the economic viability of the recycling process.
In order to assess the requirements that should be satisfied by the recycling processes, the legislation currently in force to regulate the management of end-of-life photovoltaic panels is reviewed, and the evolution of the PV market over the past two decades is analysed.
The energy required for recycling includes the transportation of waste PVMs, thermal treatment or incineration of polymers, other treatments (acid leaching, sieving, neutralization), and metals recovery . 3.1. Key materials in photovoltaic modules (PVMs) for recycling
Recycling of photovoltaic modules concerns mainly silicon (Si) and Silver (Ag). Silicon (Si) is around 3.65% and the removal of silicon (Si) comprises many energy-intensive processes. Silver (Ag) is the most costly element used in a solar cell but the quantity is < 1% .
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